Brown vs. Board of Education Case Study - 1745 Words

Before Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was taken to the Supreme Court, the ruling in earlier Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson stood. Plessy v. Ferguson established the separate but equal doctrine, which pervaded nearly every aspect of American life. One of the realms that Plessy v Ferguson expressly applied to was the area of public schools. Public schools in America could be racially segregated, based on the assumption that African-American schools were equal to their white counterparts. The assumptions made in Plessy versus Ferguson were based on the false premise that it was possible to sustain equality in a racist environment. The African-American schools were not equal. The steps leading to the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court case began with a class action lawsuit filed in Tokepa, Kansas courts. As Patterson (2001) points out, thirteen parents sued on behalf of twenty children, on the basis that the children were being denied rights to equal education. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) helped with the lawsuit, and helped the parents bring it to trial in Topeka. When the Topeka courts ruled in favor of the Topeka Board of Education, the case was brought before the Supreme Court for review. The Topeka courts deemed that Plessy versus Ferguson allowed for school segregation and therefore, the districts schools did not have to permit integration if they did not want to. Brown versus Board of Education primarilyShow MoreRelatedBrown Vs. Board Of Public Schools1605 Words   |  7 PagesBrown vs Board Tess Gerczak Baker College Brown vs Board Neither the atom bomb nor the hydrogen bomb will ever be as meaningful to our democracy as the unanimous declaration of the Supreme Court that racial segregation violates the spirit and the letter of our Constitution. â€Å"On May 17 1954 the court unanimously ruled that separate but equal violated the Equal Protection Clause. Even though undefined the brown vs board of education caused the desegregation of public schools. Led toRead MoreBrown Vs Board Of Education945 Words   |  4 Pages Yesterday my best friend, Brandon, and I went to the library located on Savannah State’s campus to study for our upcoming final exam. Even though Brandon is a Caucasian, people don’t have a negative outlook on our relationship just because I am an African American. It doesn’t make much of a difference to society when we are seen together,considering America symbolizes unity. Must I remind you, it hasn’t always been this way in America. in fact, Whites and Blacks weren t allowed to attend theRead MoreBrown Vs Board Of Education945 Words   |  4 PagesYesterday my best friend, Brandon, and i went to the library located on Savannah State’s campus to study for our upcoming final exam. Even though Brandon is a caucasian, people don’t have a negative outlook on our relationship just because i am an African American. It doesn’t make much of a difference to society when we are seen together,considering America symbolizes unity. Must i remind you, it hasn’t always been this way in America. in fact Whites and Blacks weren t allowed to attend the sameRead MoreAfter slavery was abolished, African Americans never had the same rights as other U.S. citizens. In800 Words   |  4 Pagesterm many conflicts like Brown vs. Board of Education, the Montgomery Bus Boycott, and Little Rock emerged. In the early 1950s, black children were not getting the proper education that they deserved considering they were supposed to be equal with the rest of the U.S. citizens. In a South Carolina School District, children were put under a circumstance that allowed for separate but equal education. This means that every child had the same access to schools and education, but the races still had toRead MoreAnalysis of The Brown vs. Education Case and The Little Rock Nine1222 Words   |  5 Pagesbaby had only half the chance of completing high school and only a third of the chance to complete college as a white baby that was born at the same time and place† (Hubert). Kids were treated differently by color in schools in the 1960’s; Brown vs. Education and Little Rock Nine are two examples. There are many more examples of how kids were treated in the 1960’s but these are the most known and they show how people were treated. In the North most public schools were not segregated and in the SouthRead MoreHorace Mann And The American Education System917 Words   |  4 Pagescourt decisions to America’s education system: Horace Mann (1796- 1859) Horace Mann was one of the most influential reformers in the history of American education. He was responsible for the Common School Movement, which was to ensure that every child receive free basic education funded by local taxes. Growing up in poverty where there was lack of access to education, the first secretary of Massachusetts Board of Education strongly believed that tuition- free education would be the â€Å"great equalizerRead MoreThe Brown Vs Board Of Education Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesThe Brown vs Board of Education was a remarkable set of five cases that paved the way for desegregation in schools and eventually resulting in the Civil Rights Act being passed. These cases however weren’t the only catalysts that forced the Supreme Court to question the wording of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights and neither were they the only pivotal cases that changed the way America as a whole looked at the black community and how to interact with them. The Plessy vs Ferguson case wasRead MoreDiscrimination And Its Effects On Children1089 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscrimination in education towards students. Whether it is from the ethnicity or gender, students are being treated unjustly and unfairly. Effects vary from person to person but, it undoubtedly can cause damage to someone’s health. Discrimination towards students can be very detrimental to their mental and physical health. In the United States, public school systems are intended to provide free and equal education to all students. Sadly, this is rarely and sometimes not the case what so ever andRead MoreThe Supreme Court s Court848 Words   |  4 Pagesconsider the negative effects that they have on others. A study was done on students in 2009 on the effects of discrimination based on sexual orientation and how it correlates with self harm and suicidal ideation and â€Å"Respondents who reported having been discriminated against on the basis of minority sexual orientation were significantly more likely than those who did not to report self-harm (25.0% vs. 6.3%) and suicidal ideation (23.9% vs. 7.4%)† (Almeida, J., Johnson, R. M., Corliss, Et Al, 2009)Read More Black struggle for equality Essay1534 Words   |  7 Pagesthe inferior race. Whites would go to almost any extent to express their hatred towards the blacks. The K.K.K. was as powerful as ever. Emotions ran high, especially in the South. Which was where the infamous case of Plessy v. Ferguson(1896) originated. In this case the court supported the constitutionality of a Louisiana law requiring separate but equal facilities for whites and blacks in railroad cars. Racial discrimination in America was heavily strengthened by this decision

Metropolis, by Fritz Lang and Frankenstein, by Mary...

The idea of progress being inspired by the past is revisited in Fritz Langs 1927 film Metropolis. Though the films titular city is a gleaming landscape of technological advancement it is through the hands of the arcane inventor Rotwang that the films most stunning creation comes into being. Like Frankenstein revisiting â€Å"outdated† natural philosphers for his inspiration, Joh Frederson, the figurehead of Metropolis and the man to whom technology means the most, turns to the aged inventor in hopes of pushing technology even further. The visit to Rotwang is like a visit to the past: his house is the only edifice we see that is in no way modern (in fact it has such a clapboard appearance when held against the rest of Metropolis that ir†¦show more content†¦When held up to the monster in Shelleys novel, Rotwangs creation serves as an indication of how far the technology in Metropolis has come. Though the basic premise of the two scenarios is the same, namely the cobbling together of a being and its homuncular bringing to life, Rotwangs creation is a much colder affair. Whereas Frankenstein built his monster from human remains, dabbling â€Å"among the unhallowed damps of the grave† and collecting â€Å"bones from charnel-houses† (Shelley, p. 62), Rotwangs creation is made entirely of cold metal, it is a being of bronze and bolts. There is no room in Langs vision of technology gone awry for even the barest hint of human involvement. Everything is cold, mechanical, and calculated. Even the workers, the lowest citizens on the societal totem and the only human contact the machinery necessitates is at risk of being forced from their jobs by Rotwangs metallic creation. If technology and progress are expressed by a metaphysical quandary in Shelleys novel then in Langs film it is entirely mechanical. Humanity comes second to the technology that allows

Romeo And Juliet Comparison Essay Example For Students

Romeo And Juliet Comparison Essay Are there such things as true love and hatred? In the story Romeo and Juliet, written by William Shakespeare there is true love and hatred. Romeo, a Montague and Juliet, a Capulet are two star-crossed lovers who will always love each other. The hatred between the two families will be a problem for the couple to get together. These two families the Montagues and the Capulets truly dislike each other for no true reason. For example at the beginning of the script Sampson, a Capulet says Nay, as they dare. I will bite my thumb at them; which is disgrace to them, if they bear it, (I, i, 44) to his Capulet friend in order to pick a fight with a Montague. In addition the feud continues between the families when Romeo kills Tybalt and also how the Capulets and Montagues almost started a brawl in front of the Prince. Again hatred was demonstrated by Lady Capulet when she says We will have vengeance to one in Mantua, shall give him such an unaccustomed dram that he shall soon keep Tybalt company, (III,v, 98) referring to Romeo. All this hatred led to Romeo and Juliets death. Also the Prince said, And I, for winking at your discords too have lost a brace of kinsmen. All are punished, (V, iii, 318) saying all are punished for everyone lost a family member. Love at first site, which is how Romeo and Juliet got together. At a party where Romeo first laid eyes upon Juliet he said, Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight! For I neer saw true beauty till this night, (I, v, 57). What Romeo said was love from his heart, which is real love. As the night went on they arranged to meet the next day and get married. Marriage demonstrates how these two kids are in love because marriage is the final step to show you love and want to be with them forever. This marriage doesnt last long when Romeo is given misleading information and kills himself to be with Juliet in Heaven. Juliet wakes up from the potion and sees that Romeo lies dead she says, O happy dagger! This is thy sheath; there rust, and let me die, (V, iii, 182) taking her life away to be with Romeo. Her actions were done by true love and by thinking, not by a reaction. When these two died it finally brought the Montagues and Capulets together in peace. The two lovers Romeo and Juliet were doomed. Their families brought them to their death. Their familys difference could not bring Romeo or Juliet apart from being together. It took Romeo and Juliets death for each other before their families could bring peace among the families. At the end love overcame hatred but with a great loss. Love will always prevail over hatred if the love is true.

wo kao ni daye Essays - Kao, Dawo, , Term Papers

wo kao ni dawo kao ni da yewo kao ni wo kaowo kao ni da yewo kaowo kao ni da wo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da yewo kao ni da ye

Honda Element free essay sample

Study about â€Å"The Honda Element† Comment on the factors leading to success of the Element include Honda’s platform strategy as well as any other aspects oft he new product progress that you feel relevant. The Element—a cost-efficient, new light truck from Honda—is conceived for the target Generation Y. This generation is a really lucrative market, almost as large as the â€Å"baby boom† generation. In this way, Honda used demographic segmentation to identify a segment with very high potential. According to market survey, the Honda cars are basically driven by young women and families, but not so much by young men. The main idea of the product team was to develop an affordable, new design that target users would like to drive. To do this, it is important to understand the core values and beliefs of the target audience. Researchers with camcorders analyzed a clear picture of young males in the target market. We will write a custom essay sample on Honda Element or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They seemed to have a strong cohort identification, support of social and environmental causes, were well educated, and seemed to be less career-driven than older generations. These results helped the Honda Team to create a car that fits perfectly for this target. The important aspects included the need for room for sports equipment, as well as a place to sleep on weekend trips, and so on. These were important for the buying decision of young people in the target audience. Accordingly, the Element truck is positioned for the single individual with an unconventional lifestyle. For this target there are four unique and important design themes: adaptability/modularity, authenticity, functionality, attitude/expression. These differ from the three corporate guidelines from Honda: performance, safety, and value.. During the creating progress several things happened simultaneously. During the process, team members visited male students to get their feedback and make little â€Å"quick-turn† improvements. For the best management support, the Honda Element team invited the Honda executives together with Generation Y students for a weekend camping trip. The team wanted the managers to feel like they lived a life of a target user. This simple strategy worked out ell, and the Honda Element was approved by the Honda management team. The development of new car products is usually separated into several subsystems. In the case of the Element, these were exterior, interior, suspension and power train, which all had their own design strategy. The Element started to be delivered to dealerships in summer 2003. The brand’s name â€Å"Element† was the favorite in research studies with the targe t audience. According to the Generation Y target, the advertising wasn’t traditional. Honda created interest in auto enthusiastic groups, at auto shows, and at colleges. They also sponsored surf events and tailgate parties at universities. In conclusion the Element reached 75,000 sales in 2004, which was clearly above the forecast. The typical Element buyer was across all age groups, mostly male and has a more active lifestyle than typical Civic buyers. Try also to work out what the product innovation charter PIC might have been for the Element. As the background, the Element by Honda should be a cost-efficient, light truck, especially for males of the Generation Y. It is positioned for the single individual with an unconventional lifestyle. The typical Honda guidelines are performance, safety and value. In case of this new developed car, the guidelines were added to with adaptability/modularity, authenticity, functionality, attitude/expression. According to the target audience the marketing plan wasn’t traditional. They made auto shows or sponsored surf events and college parties. The goal of the planning team was to create an easy not to complex created, new car, that doesn’t cost more than 20,000$, with around 50,000 sales in the first year. Surprisingly they reached 75,000 sales in 2004. What tangible benefits results from bringing in the voice oft he customer? By introducing the reviews from college students during the production, fundamental changes could be made. This ensured that the product also meets the expectations of the client. During the brainstorming in the early stage of development, the target audience opinion was very important. The Element should be a target group oriented car that made the collaboration very important. The constant balance of interests made it possible to generate the right car, leading to higher sales and profit. What could be learned from this case for firms in industries other automobile manufacture? The most important fact we learned about this case is that you have to work together with the target audience you wish to have for your product. You should look after their special needs and wishes to create the product they are looking for. In this way you can ensure greater benefits and sales.

Free Essays on Celibacy In Dubliners

, and yet her name was like a summons to all my foolish blood.†(22). The phrase â€Å"summons to all my foolish blood† could allude to the sexual arousal of the pubescent boy. This would clearly be an indication that his intentions for her would lead to some relationship of intimacy and hopefully a sexual interaction. However, he is young and innocent and she appears mature and womanly in this story. He is intimidated by her and prevents the fulfillment of his dreams by never talking to her. Michael Furey remains celibate in â€Å"The Dead† because he dies a virgin... Free Essays on Celibacy In Dubliners Free Essays on Celibacy In Dubliners Celibacy in the Lives of Dubliners Today’s society is very accepting of premarital and other forms of casual sex. After puberty, age, sex, and social standing have little influence in our ideas of acceptable sexual interaction. Just the opposite was true of Ireland in the early decades of the 1900’s. This time sets the scene for the characters in a collection of short stories by James Joyce, entitled â€Å"Dubliners†. Celibacy plays a subtle part in several of the stories included in â€Å"Dubliners†. A number of the characters remain celibate because of their age, sex or because the social customs of Ireland in the early 1900’s frowned upon informal sex. Other characters in â€Å"Dubliners† decide to remain celibate of their own accord, seemingly unaware of, or unconcerned with sex. Our lax view of sexual interaction is very different than that of 18th century Dublin. The young, unnamed boy in â€Å"Araby† and Michael Furey from â€Å"The Dead† are directly influenced, and restricted by their age and sex. The young boy from â€Å"Araby† is a common love struck teenager, possibly thirteen or fourteen. Filled with adolescent lust, he is enamored with his playmate’s older sister. He cannot find the courage to confront her with his feelings, but instead, thinks about her constantly and lustfully. â€Å"I had never spoken to her, except for a few casual words, and yet her name was like a summons to all my foolish blood.†(22). The phrase â€Å"summons to all my foolish blood† could allude to the sexual arousal of the pubescent boy. This would clearly be an indication that his intentions for her would lead to some relationship of intimacy and hopefully a sexual interaction. However, he is young and innocent and she appears mature and womanly in this story. He is intimidated by her and prevents the fulfillm ent of his dreams by never talking to her. Michael Furey remains celibate in â€Å"The Dead† because he dies a virgin...

Explaining a Concept Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Explaining a Concept Research Paper - Essay Example †). THESIS STATEMENT With due consideration to this aspect, the essay intends to explain the concept of viral marketing. The objective of the essay is to inform the marketers regarding the significance of viral marketing in the present era. Furthermore, the essay also discusses certain real life experiences of viral marketing. EXPLANATION OF VIRAL MARKETING The word ‘viral’ is used in order to define such a marketing practice where the messages regarding a particular brand are spread through the word-of-mouth method from one computer system to the other. An important component of viral marketing is that people spread the marketing messages, developed by the marketers. An effective viral marketing is characterized by controversy, community involvement and exclusive celebrity engagement. In viral marketing, a message needs to be unique and must feature a vital concept which encourages the audiences to share the message with their friends. Viral marketing at times is also deemed as a marketing program that acts as a virus, capable to replicate itself and spread from one person to the other. In viral marketing, the messages can reach the target audience in quite a less amount of time and at a low cost (National Media Museum, â€Å"What is Viral Marketing?†). ... In this way, viral marketing establishes a word-of-mouth thrill. The messages in viral marketing can arrive in different formats such as in the form of videos, pictures and applications or games among others. These digital formats can easily be shared by people who are connected through social networks (National Media Museum, â€Å"What is Viral Marketing?†). The effectiveness of viral marketing depends on the number of audiences who are viewing and spreading the brand messages developed by the marketers. People play a vital role in the notion of viral marketing, because they actually perform on behalf of the brand. Thus, in order to become successful, marketers need to understand the motivational aspects of people for spreading viral messages. On the basis of a study conducted by Milward Brown, it is observed that there is a strong relationship between inducing the enjoyment of brand messages and ensuring the possibility of forwarding them to the people. However, enjoyment al one is not sufficient to inspire individuals to share the messages. The massages must have certain additional scopes such as being pleasant, humorous or funny among others which are most likely to be spread by the viewing individuals (Hollis, â€Å"Millward Brown’s Pov†). SIGNIFICANCE OF VIRAL MARKETING FOR MODERN MARKETERS Viral marketing has created a strong sense of excitement for modern marketers and often it appears as an important marketing strategy. It is possible for marketers to be benefitted from the perceptions of viral marketing, due to an increased level of usage of social networking. According to a study of Miller and Lammas, in the year 2009, about 142.1 million Americans, 46.6 million Japanese and 31 million Brazilian people accessed the social networks. Popular

The role of self-service technology within service retailing Essay

The role of self-service technology within service retailing - Essay Example Marketers should advance SSTs more aggressively by defining SST interfaces and their goals through a concrete SST strategy. Airliners should develop marketing strategies for their SSTs that revolve around delivering higher customer value, by boosting awareness for SST in diverse means and locations, where they can educate consumers about their uses and benefits. Airliners should also regularly assess internal and external customer satisfaction with SST through a mixed survey and in-depth interview approach, where antecedents and consequences of SST are examined and tested. These studies should help further align SSTs with the firm's strategic goals and objectives, where both internal and external customer satisfaction are met. Advancements in technology and the increasing demand to cut costs have been some of the several factors that have driven the development of self-service technologies (SSTs) in service industries. SSTs refer to â€Å"technological interfaces that enable customers to produce a service independent of direct service employee involvement† . Some examples of SSTs are interactive voice response systems, online shopping, and kiosks that help consumers gather information and make buying decisions. Studies have shown that SSTs has its promises, as well as its weaknesses, which marketers should be aware of and respond to. (Karp 2008; Meuter et al. 2000). SSTs have a large role to play in the airline sector, because they can improve operational efficiency, competitiveness, and customer service and satisfaction (Karp 2008; Meuter et al. 2000). This paper aims to explore the definitions, characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and current trends of SST for airliners. Definitions SST is â€Å"defined as a technological interface that allows customers to produce and consume services without direct assistance from employees† (Meuter et al., 2000 cited in Curran and Meuter 2007, 283). This definition demonstrates that SST is primarily a service interaction that precludes human interaction. Cunningham, Young, and Gerlach (2008), nevertheless, included technologies that significantly decrease the â€Å"involvement† of service representatives (p.719). They believe that SSTs should also include technologies that have some form of human interface. The key terms used in

To what extent will GM(genitic modification) agriculture help feed a Essay

To what extent will GM(genitic modification) agriculture help feed a growing global population - Essay Example the increase in population levels, but also the fact that these increases in population to a large extent are expected to happen in the emerging economies. These countries are experienced an upturn in economic fortunes giving rise to increased income generation. The result of the increased income generation will be reflected in demand for more food from these economies. This is the challenge that the world faces in this early period of the twenty-first century. It is in the addressing of these challenges that the role of biotechnology and genetically modified foods needs to be examined under the microscope. (Pinstrup-Anderson, Pandya-Lorch & Rosegrant. 1999). This essay aims to examine genetically modified agriculture and the possibility of it offering a solution for the vexing problem of increased food production to meet the needs of the anticipated growth in population. For this purpose a literature review is proposed to establish evidence on genetically engineered agriculture. The review will cover literature in favour of the use of genetically modified agriculture as well as literature that is against the se of genetic engineering as means to provide a solution to the issue of feeding the expected increase in population. Genetically engineered food crops have been grown in many parts of the world and it is expected that there is ample literature available on these experiences. In addition there has been scientific testing on the effects of genetically engineered food products and it is expected that there is enough literature to provide evidence on the effect of genetically engineered food in humans and animals. The literature review shows that support for the use of genetic modification in agricultural crops comes from biotechnology scientists, the business enterprises that have invested in the technology, financial institutes like the World Bank and Asian Development Bank, and countries of the developed world in particular the United States of

Advantages and Disadvantages of Building Restoration

Advantages and Disadvantages of Building Restoration Using examples explore the advantages and disadvantages of allowing redevelopment and reconstruction of historic buildings. For the purposes of this discussion it is primarily important to determine what is meant by historic and to rationalize the terms redevelopment and reconstruction. The terms will be used in the context of preserving and conserving buildings. This includes maintaining their predominant features and characteristics, whilst enhancing new features in keeping with the style and building constraints relating to traditional use of materials and resources. According to English Heritage buildings exist across the UK that span over a thousand years. They also work with the Department of Culture, Media and Sport and local authorities to allocate buildings such as these according to their criteria for listing or categorizing for the purposes of their historic importance. These are identified using the following criteria: Those having architectural interest: buildings which are nationally important for the interest of their architectural design, decoration and craftsmanship; also important examples of particular building types and techniques. Those deemed of historic interest: this includes buildings which illustrate important aspects of the nations social, economic, cultural or military history. A variety of places that have a close historical association with nationally important buildings or events. Places which have group value, especially where buildings are part of an important architectural or historic group or are a fine example of planning (such as squares, terraces and model villages) [1] English Heritage define historic in relation to a number of factors. All buildings constructed before 1700 are automatically listed. Similarly this is the case with most properties up to 1840. A number of post 1945 buildings are also included in these terms. A comprehensive breakdown of listed buildings statistics across the UK is illustrated below: 38% are domestic dwellings 15% date from before 1600 nearly 20% date from the 17th century 31% from the 18th century 32% from the 19th century 3% from 1900-1944 0.2% from 1945 or later[2] Introducing conventional features can have negative consequences on properties such as those defined above. Not only for cosmetic or domestic purposes but also in relation to implementing safety measures into a property. and accessibility by way of lifts and hand rails etc for the benefit of people with disabilities. There is also a trend for interpreting properties of historical interest into entertainment or ‘edutainment’ orientated experiences which can be argued devalues the historic importance and often encourages historical inaccuracy from the learning perspective. The final consideration to be made in relation to this essay question is the notion of whether old buildings should remain preserved exactly as they are without any enhancement, improvements, additions or restorations. That they should reflect the period they were constructed in and be immortalized as a historical or scientific study. This paper will seek to exemplify many of these issues relating to the redevelopment and reconstruction of historic buildings which covers a broad argument for discussion. The English Tourist Board published a paper in 1991 entitled ‘Maintaining the Balance’ which proposed new schemes designed to ensure that historic town environments worked in sync with their communities whilst providing the visitor with a traditional experience. Visitor Management Plans were adopted and Town Centre Managers were recruited as means of taking these initiatives forward. The conservation and preservation of built heritage often involves maintaining tight restrictions and limited planning opportunities which is not conducive to new housing projects or business opportunities which could generate enterprise and economic benefits. Instead many of the UK’s classified historic towns remain stagnant and non progressive.[3] Similarly there are currently plans to renovate and restore the city centre of Amsterdam in keeping with its cultural heritage. The city centre is divided by two groups of residents. One enjoys the aesthetic benefits of living in this area , while the second are simply living centrally for the purposes of work and being close to amenities. This second group is unconcerned with the historical importance of the city and is not prepared to invest in maintaining or developing it as such. Often when areas such as this are under preservation orders high costs are incurred for maintenance and renovation in the style accustomed to the period. This in turn raises the rents of properties which become too high for existing residents to afford, eventually forcing them out of their homes, as is feared in Amsterdam.[4] When considering the practical aspects of individual houses, when a building is disassembled or exposed for the purposes of renovation or reconstruction, a great many vital elements which are original to its heritage can be lost. This might include clay or lime mortars used in between joist, foundations and chimney linings. Wooden frames held together by pegs can fracture if disengaged and it is crucial that that high levels of carpentry skills and traditional craftsmanship techniques are applied when rebuilding and renovating buildings.[5] There are an abundance of sites, Museums and stately homes which are testaments to ‘living history’ and function for the benefit of the public across the world today. Colonial Williamsburg and the Historic Charleston Foundation in the United States, Slave Forts in Africa and Weald and Downland Open Air Museum in the UK to name a few. They all encourage the preservation of old buildings. With this redevelopment comes the opportunity of numerous availability of grants and Heritage Lottery funding to help with this process. They enable people to remain aware of what is important historically and that reflects the lives and communities from which we all originate. People managing these processes need the necessary expertise with which to achieve these renovations and reconstructions. Acquiring documentation of age is essential as is being true to the period in which it was built architecturally. Architectural historians in the United States for example have divided buildings into around half a dozen significant periods of half a century each. These phases are then sub-divided into over-lapping periods. Even then not all of these categories are universally recognized.[6] This suggests reason enough for ensuring that each building selected for re-development is accurately assessed and renovated accordingly and appropriately. It is important also to remember that this is not a new phenomenon. In 1877 the painter and writer William Morris wrote a manifesto against the proposed restoration of Tewkesbury Abbey. During this and subsequent periods architects considered restoration to be about changing a building for the purposes of altering it to reflect its key historical importance. For example during the late nineteenth century many Anglo-Saxon churches in the UK were ‘restored’ into Gothic interpretations. This was a reflection of people’s attitudes then surrounding medieval masons, who were deemed uninitiated into religion. Consequentl y the Gothic form and design purported to purist representations and was in essence closer to God.[7] It is important then to remember that when renovating buildings they do not become exploited for the benefit of contemporary tastes and trends. It can be argued that many of these ‘living history’ experiences have become just that and are able to be devalued very easily. Accuracy based on the facts available to the architects is what should remain of paramount importance when reconstructing any historic building. One of the most exceptional examples of reconstruction to be seen today is with the city of Warsaw in Poland. During the Second World War over 85% of the city centre was destroyed. A huge campaign and total restoration took place over a number of years. The results of which stand today including replica churches, palaces and a market places all sensitively and historically representative of a history which spans some eight hundred years in its reconstruction. [8] On the other hand reconstruction is never going to be entirely accurate in some instances and it is these examples that encourage debate. Take for example the tourist reconstruction site at Mount Vernon in Washington where the coach house, slave quarters/ greenhouse and ‘stercorary’ have all been restored following fire damage that occurred in the mid nineteenth century. Some of which was based on documents and reminiscence accounts from past generations. Parts of the stercorary were rebuilt in 2001 incorporating the original cobbled stones and brickwork uncovered by archaeologists with research sourcing a drawing from 1807 which provided structural accuracy to be maintained. However when builders came to reconstruct the blacksmiths shop the old plantation ledgers illustrated detailed records pertaining to its location and activities. Whilst other archives provided details relating to the working blacksmiths themselves. Nonetheless contradictions began to appear relating to the shop’s exact location and its appearance during the year 1799. This contention has raged for over fifty years and has raised all the issues regarding physical reconstruction and the amount of evidence that is required in order to support the justification for re-building the property without sufficient authenticity.[9] Another similar example of this where reconstruction has been curtailed is with the handling of Franklin Court in Philadelphia, the residencies of the former President Benjamin Franklin. During the 1970’s an extensive programme of research both archaeological and archival was carried out on the assumption that the house and grounds would be renovated and fully furnished into an interpretative museum. But the research revealed little evidence of any pictures or drawings of what the house had actually looked like. Consequently no reconstruction took place other than the outbuildings and grounds which had retained more documented evidence. Proving that accuracy is reassuringly not always taken for granted in this type of work. Future functional requirements of a building are also aspects of development to consider within a historic building, as the law now governs that public buildings need to comply with the DDA (Disability Discrimination Act) by ensuring they have accessible routes both internal and external as well as ramps, lifts and toilets where necessary. This legislative requirement has had an impact on the way in which many historic buildings have had to alter their environment, which is of course an enormous and necessary benefit for people with a disability; although it remains one more area of concern where public renovations and redevelopments are taking place. The most heated debate in terms of redevelopment of historic buildings is of course a matter of architectural and archaeological appreciation. Some sites are considered simply not available to be rebuilt. Sites such as Pompeii for example or the Pyramids of Egypt. They are revered as preserved examples of the past, museums in their own right. They consist of ruins which are fragile and vulnerable. If these ruins become too fragile or it becomes impossible to maintain them then it is understandable that some sort of structure may have to be built around them. This may of course eventually decrease the visual enjoyment of a historical building which is why so many sites of importance are now being re-built. Such historical monuments are now able to be reconstructed far more easily by way of digitization. Several digital projects of this type exist for educational purposes and are becoming more widespread. In addition many historic houses like the Queens House in Greenwich, London provi de significant 3D models that demonstrate the different architectural development of the construction and alterations over time. [10]Technology has become so precise and truthful in its interpretations that this may prevail as the preferred method of reconstruction and development in the future. Many historic buildings get demolished just because they are old, so the modern appreciation for rebuilding and conserving these properties are essential to maintaining the cultural heritage of nations throughout the world. However it is important that the historic environment from which they have descended is fully understood. The right skills, techniques and materials from an archaeological perspective are fundamental to ensuring this process is achieved accurately and sensitively. Bibliography Deben, L, Salet, W (2004) Cultural heritage and the future of the historic inner city of Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis Smith, M.K, Robinson, and S.M (2006) Cultural Tourism in a Changing World: Politics, Participation and (re)presentation: Channel View Publications Paravalos, P (2006) Moving a House with Preservation in Mind: Rowman Altamira Nash, G (2003) Renovating Old Houses: Bringing New Life to Vintage Homes: Taunton Press Sickles-Taves, L (1999) The Use of and Need for Preservation Standards in Architectural Conservation: ASTM International Jameson, J.H (2004) The Reconstructed Past: Reconstructions in the Public Interpretation of Archaeology and History: Rowman Altamira Fitch, J.M (1990) Historic Preservation: Curatorial Management of the Built World: University of Virginia Press, 1990 Sourced from: http://www.worldheritagesite.org/sites/warsaw.html, Date accessed, 20/11/08 Sourced from: http://www.nmm.ac.uk/visit/scenic-attractions/architecture-and-views/greenwich-architecture-and-views, Date accessed, 20/11/08 [1] Sourced from: http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.1373, Date accessed, 19/11/08 [2] Sourced from: http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.1373, Date accessed, 19/11/08 [3] Smith,M.K, Robinson,S.M (2006:292) Cultural Tourism in a Changing World: Politics, Participation and (re)presentation: Channel View Publications [4] Deben,L,Salet,W (2004:247-248) Cultural heritage and the future of the historic inner city of Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis [5] Paravalos,P (2006: 62-63) Moving a House with Preservation in Mind: Rowman Altamira [6] Nash,G (2003:21) Renovating Old Houses: Bringing New Life to Vintage Homes: Taunton Press [7] Sickles-Taves,L (1999: 14) The Use of and Need for Preservation Standards in Architectural Conservation: ASTM International [8] Sourced from: http://www.worldheritagesite.org/sites/warsaw.html, Date accessed, 20/11/08 [9] Jameson,J.H (2004: 80) The Reconstructed Past: Reconstructions in the Public Interpretation of Archaeology and History: Rowman Altamira [10] Sourced from: http://www.nmm.ac.uk/visit/scenic-attractions/architecture-and-views/greenwich-architecture-and-views, Date accessed, 20/11/08

Athena the god :: essays research papers

Athena The god Athena, back in time when Greece was making its mark in history as one of the great civilization of the Ancient World, there was a great deal of emphasis on the Gods and Goddesses. To the Greeks the world was governed by the Gods and they were the reason many things happened in the world, mostly things that where unexplainable. The goddess Athena was one of the many gods or goddesses that played a large role in Greek mythology. Even though Athena was the patron saint of Athens she supported other Greeks outside of Athens, such as, Achilles, Orestes, and especially Odysseus. Athena is know to be the goddess of war, guardian of cities, patroness of arts and crafts, and promoter of wisdom (Classical). Athena’s name actually came form the Cretan and Mycenean name Athene which predates the Greeks by about 1,500 years. The ending ‘-ene,’ was set aside for royalty and goddesses, like Helene. She was also called by some Greeks as Pallas Athena. Not many people know where the name Pallas came from. Some legends say she obtained it from the giant Pallas that she killed in the war of the gods and giants (Athena Parthenos). Another legend says that Athena accidentally killed her childhood playmate Pallas. By taking Pallas’ in front of her own, Athena shows the grief that she endured for the loss of her friend. Athena had such an impact on the Greeks that the Romans adopted her and called her Minerva (Classical). The origins of Athena’s name are not the only discrepancy that historians have had. The origin of where Athena came form is also a discrepancy. Zeus feared that he would be overcome by a son greater than he born from the intelligent Metis. To prevent this Zeus ate Metis. There for, Athena, in the most common legend, was born fully grown out of Zeus’s forehead. Another legend, this one form Crete, says Athena was hidden in a cloud. Zeus hit his head on the cloud and caused Athena to appear. Out of all the cities that Athena helped and protected Athens claimed her as there own (The Myths). The Atheans believed that the first king of Athens, Erichthonius, was a descendant of Athena. Even though Poseidon was greedy of earthy kingdoms, he challenged Athena for the city. The both of them appeared before the court of gods and goddess to make a judgment.

Communication and Professional Relationships with Children, Young People and Adults Essay

Unit 301 – Communication and professional relationships with children, young people and adults. 1.1 – Effective communication is important in developing positive relationships with children, young people and adults because it ensures strong relationships between on another and helps create a positive working environment. By demonstrating and modelling effective communication skills with others you will create positive relationships. It is important that we know how to communicate to one another in a polite, friendly manner even in moments of stress. If we have positive relationships with children, young people and adults we are more likely to communicate information to one another. By thinking about the different ways we can communicate to each other this will ensure positive working relationships are carried out. 1.2 – If we can ensure children, young people and adults are comfortable in our company this will encourage relationship building. It is important that we build on positive relationships with one another to create a friendly, happy and positive environment to work in. Children, young people and adults can pick up on unfriendly or negative atmospheres so by ensuring that we are relationship building with one another and are creating positive relationships through effective communication the whole setting will benefit. There are a few key points that ensure a positive relationship. These include; Effective communication, Being considerate, Maintaining a sense of humour, Showing respect, Remembering issues which are personal to them, Taking time to listen to others and Being clear on points. All of these key points will help build positive relationships with others. 1.3 – When working in different social, professional and cultural contexts it is important that we learn how to adapt the way we communicate in different situations. When working with others it is important that we consider the context in which w e are working. For example, if I was in a meeting I would use more formal language and behaviour. If I was communicating with a parent it would be more informal and more personal. It is important that all practitioners are aware of different types of communication with adults. For example, if I had a professional conversation over the phone, I would ensure that I listened well, I was attentive and responded well when speaking to the other party. When dealing with other professionals there will be meetings and discussions as well as more informal communication at times. On some occasions non-spoken forms of communication can be an issue if they aremisread by others. For example, how quickly someone responds to an email or phone message. It is also important that we are aware that different cultures will have their own norms of behaviour which will extend to gestures, body language and eye contact. 2.1 – In order to have effective communication with children and young people you need to demonstrate a number of skills. Children learn to communicate through the response of oth ers: If they do not feel that their contributions are valued, they are less likely to initiate communication themselves. Whilst communicating with children and young people it is very important that you make eye contact and actively listen. Body language is extremely important. When interacting with children and young people you should get down to their level. Children are aware of facial expressions and how approachable you are. It is important that we as practitioners smile and react in a positive way to what children are saying. It is important that we allow children the chance to communicate and make sure that they are given sufficient opportunities to talk. As practitioners we should always react and comment on what children and young people are saying. On some occasions you may need to repeat back to pupils to check our understanding, particularly if they have used incorrect language. One of the main skills is to always be interested in what children have to say and ensure we respond and question children to maintain conversation. For children to be able to communicate effectively we should encourage them to ask questions and put their ideas forward. 2.2 – In order to build relationships with children, you will need to adapt your behaviour and communication accordingly. By effectively communicating and interacting with children of all ages, cultures and abilities it will help them feel secure and valued. A) It is important that you adapt the way you communicate when interacting with children and young people of different ages. When interacting with younger children they may need more reassurance. They may also need to have more physical contact as a result. Children of different ages will require varying levels of attention. It is important that we know how to adapt our vocabulary and we consider how to interact positively with children and young people as we listen and respond to them. B) When working with children you will be dealing with children in a variety of different situations. It is important that we adapt our verbal communication accordingly. For instance, if a group of children and me are carrying out acircle time activity it is important that all the children are engaged and focused and that I have dealt with any distractions before they interrupt my activity. However, when talking to children in more social situations such as lunchtime or free play, it is important that we use this time to create and develop positive relationships with children, although we should always speak to them in a way which maintains the relationship of professional carer to child. C) When working with children who have communication differences it is important to ensure care and sensitivity. Some children will need to take their time and may feel under pressure when they are speaking. It is very important that we adapt the way in which we communicate accordingly to the child’s individual needs. Some children may not have many opportunities to speak, or may be anxious or nervous. If they have a speech disorder, such as a stammer, or conditions which make communication difficult for them, they should be allowed to take their time and not feel rushed. It is important that we try not to fill in words for them or guess what they are going to say, as this may add to their distress. When working with children who have communication differences you may need additional training such as makaton or sign language. This is so you are able to communicate effectively. In some cases where children have special educational needs you may need to have additional equipment in order to communicate with one another. 2.3 – When communicating with adults and with children there are many similarities, always maintaining eye contact and interest, responding to what they are saying and treating them with courtesy and respect. However when communicating with children it is very important to maintain the relationship of carer to child and what this means in a preschool setting. Children will always see adults as carers no matter how well you get along with one another and we have to ensure that our relationship with them will always be on a formal basis when in school and out. When communicating with children we need to be clear so they understand what is expected of them and so they can learn to communicate themselves. When communicating with children it is important that the vocabulary and verbal expressions we use are at the right level for all children. It is also very important that we as carers do not encourage physical contact when communicating with them. It can be very hard to avoid this with young children as they will often initiate hugs. In this situation it would be inappropriate to tell them not to. However we should not offer physical contact with children or be overly physical with them at any time. 2.4 – There are many ways in which we can adapt communication to meet different communication needs of adults. It is important that we are sensitive to the needs of other adults, particularly if they have communication difficulties. It is important that we adapt the way we communicate. Sometimes we will do this without even realizing. For example, if I am speaking to a parent or carer who has a hearing impairment, I will make sure that I am facing them and I am making eye contact so that they can lip read. It is important that when working with adults that have communication needs we observe, reflect and adapt our means of communication. If a parent speaks English as an additional language (E.A.L) we may need to have a translator and meet together if the information we are communicating is complex or difficult to convey. 2.5 – When managing disagreements, it is important that we do so carefully so that bad feelings do not persist afterwards. In many cases, disagreements are down to lack of communication or miscommunication with others. Poor communication can cause conflict within in certain areas, between carers and children and young people and between carers and adults. The best way to resolve areas of poor communication is to discuss them to establish a cause and then find a way forward together. The important thing to do is not to ignore the problem or talk to everyone else about it except the individual concerned. Sometimes adults may not have the same ideas about the purpose of an activity or meeting, or come with a different idea in mind. It is important to always clarify the aims of what we are there to do and why. Different values and ideas can cause disagreements between parents and settings. It is important that we work alongside parents and explain or clarify why things need to happen in a different way at nursery. Sometimes adults can act in an aggressive way if they are not sure about what they are doing or lack in confidence. It is very important that we are sensitive to this and offer encouragement and support. 3.1 – In settings we ask parents and carers for a variety of information so that we are able to care for children as effectively as we can while they are with us. These records include Record of information, Health and medical records and records for children who have special educational needs. These records are confidential and are only used for the purpose for which it was gathered. If theinformation needs to be passed on to others for any reason, parental consent will need to be given. This is asked for when a child starts nursery and their parent or carer will fill out a consent form. This information is confidential and can only be shared with people with a right to access it. For example, the child’s key worker, line manager or an external agency. The Data Protection Act 1998 is a legislation that all child care settings must adhere to along with Every Child Matters. Within Peter Pan Nursery we ask all parents to sign a consent form which allows practitioners to take photographs for the evidence of the child’s development and for displays. It is very important that all practitioners are aware that you should not pass on any information about the child or their family to other parents, other professionals unless their parents have been consulted or visitors. 3.2 –When all parents / carers hand over the child’s record of information, health and medical records and any records of special educational needs we ensure that they are aware that all this information is kept in a file which is in a locked cabinet in the office and is confidenti al. We make all parents aware that the only time any information is passed on without the parents’ consent is when we feel that the child may be in need, if the child is at risk or is being abused. Also if the child has any medical conditions then certain information may be passed on to other carers. For example, if a child has asthma or epilepsy. At Peter Pan Nursery we have information boards in each of the units displaying photographs of children with their medical conditions or allergies in an area of which only carers can access. 3.3 – At Peter Pan Nursery we have a policy in place called ‘Whistle blowing’. This means that if you think there is a suspected case of child abuse or if you think a child or young person is at risk or a practitioner is behaving in an unusual way then it is important to blow the whistle and tell the line manager. If another practitioner confides in you, it is important to remember that there are situations in which you may need to tell others. It is very important that if a child, young person or adult confides in you, you must at all times tell the individual that you will not be able to keep confidentiality if they disclose something to you in which you cannot keep to yourself for these reasons.

HYPERTENSION Essays - Hypertension, Blood Pressure, Free Essays

HYPERTENSION Essays - Hypertension, Blood Pressure, Free Essays HYPERTENSION ************************************************************** Blood pressure "Blood pressure" is the force with which your heart pumps blood through the body. Occasional increases in blood pressure levels are not unusual. Hypertension Hypertension is high blood pressure. When heart beats (contracts and relaxes) it pumps out a certain volume of blood. The maximum arterial pressure, measured in mm Hg, determines the systolic reading and the lowest reading of this pressure is called the diastolic pressure. It is widely accepted that a person having a reading of a systolic pressure of greater than/equal to 140 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure of greater than/equal to 90 mm Hg is considered to have high blood pressure. When such a reading is sustained over a period of time, it is diagnosed as hypertension. Causes There are two types of hypertension. One is primary hypertension and the other is secondary hypertension. The cause of primary hypertension is unknown. It just happens but however, there are certain risk factors or associations such as hereditary factors, race, age, environmental and life-style factors (where you live, salt and other chemicals, weight, stress, alcohol, lack of exercise). The difference between primary and secondary hypertension is that we know the causes of secondary hypertension. Usually, the causes of secondary hypertension include renal artery stenosis (or other cause of increased plasma renin), renal parenchymal disease (glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, polycystic disease, obstructive uropathy), drugs (oral contraceptives, steroids), and increased levels of catecholamines (pheochromocytoma), glucocorticoids (Cushing's disease), or mineralcorticoids. Symptoms Hypertension is referred to as "the silent killer" since those afflicted seem to experience few, if any, symptoms. However, hypertension may be associated with fatigue, headaches, lightheadedness, chest pains, visual and speech disturbances, shortness of breath, and nose bleeds. Treatments We do not know what causes "essential" hypertension but we have proof that there are many factors associated with its development, such as age, race, and family history. Many of these cannot be controlled or prevented; however, weight, diet, and life-style can be controlled to a great extent, and their control may help prevent or reduce your high blood pressure. Hypertension is controllable and one of the simplest treatment is taking medication. There are a wide variety of medication available for patients. Diuretics, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, alpha blockers, central agents, and vasodilators are just some drugs used to treat high blood pressure. ********************************************************************************** High blood pressure is dangerous because if it is not treated and controlled it can damage important organs of the body: the heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes. When blood pressure remains abnormally high for a long time, usually years, the increased force against the walls of the arteries causes them to become thicker and crooked, decreasing the flow of blood to the heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes. Cardiovascular disease is the NO. 1 cause of death. Death rates are higher when high blood pressure is also present and even higher when the high blood pressure is associated with other risk factors such as cigarette smoking and high blood cholesterol. Target Organs Heart - enlargement of the heart and increased hardening, thickening, and blockage of the coronary arteries. These changes can lead to chest pain, heart attacks, heart failure, and irregular heartbeats. Brain- high blood pressure is the most common cause of strokes, which also called cerebrocascular accidents (CVAs). Strokes are usually the result of a clot in a blood vessel or a bursting of a blood vessel in the brain. This cuts off the supply of oxygen and nutrients, so that a portion of the brain gets sick and dies. Kidneys - your kidneys filter waste substances out of the blood into the urine. if your kidneys do not function properly, these waste substances build up in the blood and, beyond a certain level, begin to poison your body. As in the heart, the blood vessels in your kidneys can become hardened and thickened as a result of high blood pressure, and they cannot carry enough blood to nourish these organs and aid in eliminating waste. The result is kidney renal failure. Eyes- long-standing high blood pressure can cause serious eye problems, such as bleeding or clots in the small eye vessels or tearing away of the lining of the inner eye.

Medea in the hellenic age essays

Medea in the hellenic age essays In todays society people are from different cultures and social backgrounds. Your culture may determine your values and the way you should act. Many people judge others cultures on the sole basis of their culture. Sometimes conflicts occur when cultures clash. Different cultures fights or even worse wars may submerge from them fighting. In Greek history there were many ages and peoples culture and value system changed over the times. The Greek culture was the first to look at human beings as the source of themselves. They no longer saw mortals as the inconsequential objects of divine whim.(WH p 31) They saw themselves as having some control over their responsibilities and moral accountability for their actions. The Greek philosopher Protagoras stated that Man is the measure of all things. Thinking this way the Greeks was more successful in creativity reaching heights they never thought they would reach. Their culture developed in the Aegean Sea were, trading, conquest and expansion was possible. The Greeks traded goods with the Egyptians and the Hittites of Anatolia. They borrowed and adapted a writing system from the Phoenicians. They learned sculptural techniques from the Egyptians and other teachings such as working with metal and clay, music and mathematics, and elements of their religious system from other Eastern civilization. The Greek thrived in the Aegean basin. with Minoan and the Mycenaean who left a mark on the Greeks. With the defeat of Persians at Plataea in 479 B.C., the Greeks entered the Hellenic age. This age lasted until Alexander the great died in 323 B.C. The Hellenic age was the first stage of classic civilization.(WH p55) It was one of the Greeks highest achievements. The Greeks still lived in countryside but the city now dominates politics, society and the economy. Attitudes toward Olympian were getting better and public work ship developed into festivals. The g ...

Organisation Theory and Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Organisation Theory and Behaviour - Essay Example Everything that a human being needs for his/her survival, health and safety is dependant, either directly or indirectly, on the natural environment.   The concept of sustainability is based on this simple principle. Sustainability helps in creating and maintaining the environment under which nature and human can subsist in productive accord that allows satisfying the social and economic needs of present and future generations2. As there has been growing interest in the concept of sustainability in recent years, the focus of organizations has also shifted towards this concept. There are three assumptions as to why managers would show interest in sustainability. The first being, that most of the businesses have interest in creating value in the long-standing. Managers are very much concerned about the repute of the organization. With people being more aware about how an organization might harm the environment and nature has resulted in mangers being responsible socially and economica lly3. Second of these is that if the conduct of organization is destructive and is harmful to the social and natural environment, it will ultimately pressurize the managers in shape of direct or indirect costs. Formal penalties might be imposed by the government or damaged relationship with important stakeholders such as; shareholders, employees and customers as consequences of careless and irresponsible social behaviour may result in loss of value. Thirdly, new mercantile opportunities for business can be created by pursuing sustainable growth. This would help in developing and marketing new services and goods that would undoubtedly increase profits and assist in achieving the objective of sustainability4. COMMENTS, CRITIC, EVALUATE AND APPLICATION As more emphasis is placed on sustainability the leaders of businesses, inclusive of multinational organizations as well as the singularly owned companies, face the unprecedented and unique challenge of planning organization culture that cater to achieve sustainability. The organization design and culture should be such that, that it serves to a broad range of stakeholders and ensures that business is sustainable within their physical, market, social, and financial realms. The corporate board of directors must be able to provide strategic directions and an oversight that stretches further than short-term financial performance and recognize social, environmental and governance responsibility of the organization and are essential to its performance in the long-term sustainability5. This requires organizations to be tactically positioned within the distinctive intersection of corporate citizenship, environmental stewardship, financial strength, and product/service excellence. A great amount of attention is required to the intricacies of the internal and external environments of the organization for designing it to achieve and uphold a strategic outlook deftly balanced within the nexus of sustainability. In order to ac hieve this balance, leaders must seek to build up an incorporated perceptive of organization culture, design and sustainability by: Organization’s background and the cultural mind-sets of its employees must be explored in order to design effective, high quality, and sustainable work environments; cultural factors must be considered and used to impede and facilitate sustainable organization des

Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 42

Response - Essay Example Here, minerals are also described and this has an implication on the history of human art where minerals were used for painting, architecture and sculpture. The discussion on this passage reflects a lot on the state of knowledge or science in the early Roman period. About knowledge, it reflects how people were able to discover the usefulness of plant minerals in their day-to-day lives including in their architectural works, sculptures as well as painting. The fact that plant minerals could be used in other areas that were not very obvious, is a significant sign a knowledgeable people. On the scientific view, it is evident that the early Romans were already thinking on how useful the plants can be to human being. This majorly shows the application of scientific thought especially in areas such as medicine, horticulture and agriculture. In both the two areas, Beagon tries to relate nature and science, knowledge, culture and art and this comes out nicely when we consider the plants and animal

Investigation of Sustainable Tourism and its Role in Tourism Planning Essay

Investigation of Sustainable Tourism and its Role in Tourism Planning and Development - Essay Example Thus, a sustainable tourism aspect essentially tries to make the optimal use of the physical and environmental resources available in the host destinations because this constructs the basic element of an ethically and morally compliant tourism sector. Also, sustainable tourism involves the maintenance of the essential environment and ecological processes and actively acts towards the conservation of the cultural heritage, biodiversity and natural heritage of the host destination, shows adequate respect to the identification and the socio cultural authenticity of the tourism destination, conserves the living traditional values and contributes to the environmental and social development, enhances the intercultural tolerance and understanding of the benefits for the location. Sustainable tourism is also necessary because it helps to build up a more dynamic and efficient tourism sector by ensuring long term and viable operations and by providing various types of social and economic benef its to the key stakeholders of the industry. These benefits include the creation of income earning and employment opportunities, provision of social services to the local communities and contributions for poverty reduction and economic value creation for the respective destinations. The development of a sustainable tourism is critical to ensure that the negative impacts of the conventional tourism industry are restrained by the entities functioning in the tourism sector. The tourism developments should necessarily be planned in a sustainable manner because the need for sustainability and compliance with the environmental and ethical standards and requirements have become the buzzword for achieving competiveness and ensuring success in the dynamic and intensely competitive global tourism environment (Mowforth and Munt, 2003). Another reason why tourism developments are to

Not So Sure It’s Ernest Essay Example for Free

Not So Sure It’s Ernest Essay In The Importance of Being Earnest (1985) by Oscar Wilde (1854 – 1900) and Sure Thing (1988) by David Ives (1950 ) we witness characters attempting to negotiate personal relationships under the heavy weight of contemporary perceptions. The Importance of Being Earnest takes place in Victorian England, roughly between 1850 and 1900, and Sure Thing is a contemporary play that debuted in 1988. In both plays we are forced over and over again to take an honest look at what is important in the lives of two people who hope to make a love connection. In the Oscar Wilde play in the end we discover that all was not, or rather that all was what it seemed, even if it was not really meant to be. In David Ives one act play we go through the rigors of what we all have come to believe is considered acceptable and end up being forced to look inside of ourselves as the play evolves. Both plays present a brilliant satire on pompousness and the expectations of society. Not So Sure It’s Ernest Although born and raised an entire century apart from one another, both Oscar Wilde and David Ives hit upon a similar note of social cynicism in their respective celebrated plays; The Importance of Being Earnest (1895), and Sure Thing (1988) Both deal with the heavy impact that social mores contemporary to their day seem to have upon the intimate union of man and woman. They both feature characters that seem to question the earnest nature of their own relationships. While Wilde’s London characters appear to be more deeply involved, and to have perhaps more at sake in their remotely settled Eighteenth Century Victorian lives, Ives on the other hand presents an almost transient view of contemporary Post Modern urban life in the mid 1980’s. Make no mistake about it, his is a view poised from the super-charged post-Future Shock-internet age. Yet, together they present a vision of society that is often rather similar in its critique. These are characters whose only options seem to be raw cynicism or stark narcissism, as if the weight of life leaves them with no other choice. Ultimately, both narratives involve a world where the characters try their best to reinterpret what is truly important in their own lives; in order to escape the neurosis that surrounds them. In each plot, comedy plays a fascinating role as if to help us adjust to the psychological dilemma that we witness unfolding before our eyes. As the characters on the stage embark upon a mission to reinvent themselves, triggered either by a startling revelation that all is not quite what it actually seems or simply by the ringing of a bell, we see that happiness is all about what you are willing to believe. These are plays about relationships, and the sometimes overwhelming influence that social and class perceptions have upon whether that ‘love connection’ actually happens or not. Both playwrights take direct satirical aim at male-female relationships and the often bogus nature of courtship and just what it may entail. It is as if love and marriage, or perhaps the respective contemporary mores governing love and marriage is viewed by both of these men with a fundamental contempt. The women appear for the most part strong and somewhat liberated. However, this is satire by the way, and the language involved helps to construct two moral universes with a vision of life that is actually deserving of mockery. In Sure Thing this is aided with the immediacy of a bell which interrupts and determines the success or failure of each exchange. For the cast of The Importance of Being Earnest, we are led to believe that there is actually much more at stake; simply because we are taken through a narrative that is about much more their lives. Wilde wrote during one of Great Britain’s celebrated golden ages. It was the Victorian Age, a time when England commanded the sea and had very few rivals in the world. It was a time of great economic consolidation for the UK, and a time of great expectation and upward mobility for a bourgeoning English middle class. The Germans were often considered crude, and the French were frequently called vulgar in their appetite for free expression. This was the dawn of the modern industrial age, and in Great Britain unlike the character in Wilde’s play, it was really deemed improper in polite company for a man to directly propose marriage to a young woman. Usually, her parents would be the first to know of a man’s intentions for their child, and for the young woman this was actually supposed to come as quite a surprise. Oscar Wilde was one to write narratives that poked fun at English culture and ran contrary to these notions of propriety. This is what much of his literature is all about. The short one-act play Sure Thing, takes place in a post-modern urban American setting. We are simply led into a coffee shop where a prototypical rendezvous takes place between a man and a woman. It is one generation after the sexual revolution, and the nature of boy meets girl is summed up for us in a series of one-liners or pick up lines from Bill to Betty. His success or failure is determined by a bell and also by his and our relative proximity to current perceptions of what is actually socially acceptable and perhaps politically correct. So it is that everything, from his knowledge of literature, to where he grew up, his grade point average, and where he went to school, all elicit relative scrutiny from the overly cynical bell ringer. This is done well within ear shod of an audience that is quickly fit to express its own cynicism as well. It is as if we become Betty’s parents as we look on, in the hopes that Bill will finally get it right and make a proper connection. In the end, Ives is cleverly allowing us to poke fun at ourselves.

How Dangerous are Trade Disputes Between the EU and the US for Transatlantic Relations? :: Trading European Union United States Essays

How Dangerous are Trade Disputes Between the EU and the US for Transatlantic Relations? INTRODUCTION The United States of America and the 15 countries that comprise the European Union are the two largest economies in the world, and possess the world’s biggest bilateral trading and investment relationship. The enormous impact of trade relations between the two continents creates thousands of jobs and wealth on both sides of the Atlantic. These transatlantic flows of trade and investment amount to around $1 billion a day, and jointly, the global trade accounts for almost 40 % of world trade . These staggering figures indicate the incredible synergies that can result from cooperative agreements between countries, but are not always free from the perilous touch of political and national interests. Every relationship has its own pitfalls and troubles, and if not kept in check the trade disagreements that arise between these powerful entities can pose a dangerous threat to the entire relationship. Unfortunately, the disagreements that result can become so heated that a complete trade shutdown of certain items occurs. One such example is the EU/US beef trade dispute. As Michael Paulson of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer notes, as much as 90 % of US beef is produced with the aid of growth hormones and is shipped to 138 countries . The dispute is now in its 14th year after several interesting milestones in the dispute’s history. The Office of the US Trade Representative identifies several important milestones in the case beginning in 1985, when the EU restricted use of hormones to therapeutic purposes only. This was followed by a complete ban in 1989 on meat from animals treated with six growth hormones, effectively ending virtually all importation of American and Canadian beef. In 1996 the US and Canada consulted the World Trade Organization (WTO) about the ban, with the WTO ruling in 1997 that the EU’s beef ban was not based on scientific evidence . Researchers at Kansas State University have verified the WTO’s stand that there is no merit to claims hormone-fed beef is not safe to eat, as long as the hormones are used with generally accepted veterinary principles. American beef producers claim that European producers support the ban because it stifles competition, giving them a competitive edge in their own backyard through trade protectionism. They complain that French farmers are some of the most heavily subsidized in the world, giving them an unfair trade advantage.

Huck Finn Should Not Be Banned Essay

High Schools in the United States should not ban The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. This book is one of the most important components of American literature in our libraries today, it throws the reader into a time when slavery was lawful and accepted, and gives the reader a new perspective on slavery in general. Until civil rights groups can come up with a better argument than the word â€Å"nigger† creating a â€Å"hostile work environment†(Zwick) it should not be taken off the required reading list of any High School in the country. Every one hundred years dialects change and what is considered â€Å"politically correct†, or socially acceptable, changes. â€Å"David Bradley argues that ‘if we’d eradicated the problem of racism in our society, Huckleberry Finn would be the easiest book in the world to teach’† (Zwick, Jim. â€Å"Should Huckleberry Finn Be Banned?†). If we, as a nation, make it a point to rule out all books that could possibly offend students, then every hundred years or so our library of American Literature will be completely different. Even today, modern day authors use vulgar language, lurid sexual content, and racial slurs to get their point across. If The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is taken off of required reading lists across the country, then that could create a never-ending cycle of books being taken off of school shelves every time words and ideas become unacceptable. If this is the way that American society is turning then something must be don e, and the Superintendents, Deans, and Principals of every High School around the country must take it upon themselves to do it because the students will not. The people who are trying to ban The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn are only trying to block out a part of American history that they would just as soon be forgotten, but every part of American history needs to be dealt with and accepted by everyone at a young age. Trying to shield students from any important part of history is a crime within itself. Hannibal, Missouri is a prime example of this type of crime. Every year they have a citywide celebration of Mark Twain, but they do not celebrate The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn or The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson nor do they teach it in their schools. Best stated by Shelly Fisher Fishkin, the theater company in Hannibal â€Å"was upholding a long American tradition of making slavery and its legacy and blacks themselves invisible†(Zwick, Jim. â€Å"Should Huckleberry Finn Be Banned?†). This just shows how foolish many parts of America can be; they embrace him and call him a genius in one aspect, but they convenien tly don’t seem to notice his genius in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn because they are too distracted by the language and actions of Huckleberry Finn himself. Just because a book has some offensive content is not enough of a reason to ban a book, the general value of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn greatly overshadows any offensive language it may contain. It shows how the American public thought back then, their morals, and their way of life. It was simply they way they were brought up. In Chapter 32 of Huckleberry Finn Aunt Sally asks if anyone was hurt in a steamboat accident, Huck replies, â€Å"No’m. Killed a nigger†(Twain 167). The subject is then closed because no â€Å"people† were harmed, and in their minds, nobody was. That is something that cannot be expressed in a textbook or a teacher with the same degree of authenticity. The book immerses the student in a time where slavery was accepted. Teachers taught it, pastors preached it, mayors practiced it, and children saw absolutely nothing wrong with it because that is how they had been brought up. Huckleberry, however, was not raised â€Å"proper† an d so had an almost completely clean head about the subject â€Å"The Widow Douglas, she took me for her son, and allowed she would sivilize me; but it was rough living in the house all the time† (Twain 1). He saw Jim as a person and was even willing to go to hell to protect him. Just his use of the word â€Å"nigger† did not make him a bad person; it was exactly the way people talked back in that period of time. The book tries to show that black people were just as human as white people and was probably the most blatant anti-slavery book of the time, â€Å"many scholars consider it a staunchly antiracist novel†(Zwick, Jim. â€Å"Should Huckleberry Finn Be Banned?†). If only that idea was appreciated today, the book would come across as a classic instead of a source of debate. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is an avid anti-slavery novel, and despite flawed criticism from close-minded individuals, is one of the finest windows into a dark period of history that we all must deal with. One will not completely understand the way of life when slavery was accepted until they have read an entirely unbiased and uncensored book written during that time and dealing with the topic of slavery.

A mom before the Prom Essay

Teen pregnancy has been gravelly increased in the last few years. Bad media influences (Many programs at TV programs or sexual content movies as well as other mediums) can be the factors that teen girls nowadays are getting a wrong advice that teen motherhood can a common way to live. Partners and friends’s bad influence is making them think that is right to have sex at a young age and will make them feel more popular. In that regards, this essay by Cristina page is restating the issue that more forms of bad media and wrong people’s influences are available today than ever before and consequently teens girls are much more exposed to a lot of information and these sometimes switch teen girl’s mind to do something wrong when they think is totally normal and it also has made teen girls to believe that having children at a young age might be beneficial because they think giving a child for adoption might improve their fortune giving them away for millions of dollars , so it can’t ruin her adolescence too but in reality it can really affect them. – Personally I can share the view of the author in this essay: Teen pregnancy is in reality one of the most difficult experiences a teen girl might ever face when that can interrupt her education or other plans such as getting a better career or maintain fathers with them, but most of the time it doesn’t work and that’s when the situation gets worse. Children usually grow without a father figure when their parents have them at a very young age or sometimes they don’t even live with both parents because they can’t take care of them or support them economically. So when this children start to live without a parental guide , they grow adopting a bad behavior and getting the wrong advices from other bad people and turned into criminals , stealers, or other people of bad reputation because they live in a poor ambient without having a parent who can guide and help them to raise their levels of education. – Most of the time, when teen moms decide to have a baby, teen girls don’t really take care of their babies when they are still formatting inside their body as old mothers and because of their immaturity, sometimes they don’t realize the huge damage they cause to their babies if they start smoking and drinking or working so hard because now they need to support themselves economically carrying heavy stuff when they have to rest the most during their pregnancy. Children are tending to born prematurely, with a disease, a mental retardation or even born death. – Usually we think that there’s not any difference of acquiring the same standards of education or a good life when a kid’s parents are so young and the other’s parent are more mature. The children of teen parents can suffer more of abuse at home and at school or disregard from their parents and grow more with farness or adopt a bad behavior, so that implies that they could not do so well at school, they could get lower grades and repeat their classes or drop out from High School without completing their education. This might increase the raise of poverty in families with young parents too and this leads society into decreasing its economy too. I really enjoyed reading this essay because it deals with a controversial issue and restates the causes of why teen pregnancy is becoming a worldwide problem, it must be thought in class so we can share our own viewpoints about it. 10-) – I encourage people to consider more this issue because if we want a better life for our

Murder of Andrew Jackson essays

Murder of Andrew Jackson essays For the past few weeks America has been at unease due to the shocking and unexpected murder of our beloved President Andrew Jackson. Since that tragic day in late February of 1837 one question has been engulfing the minds of every man woman and child in this nation, who did it? And why did they do it? Top police investigation forces have been working around the clock in a frantic effort to expose the unknown assassin. The Presidents murderer had carelessly left behind a satchel filled with various items. The items that were found inside the satchel are the only clues the police were able to recover from the scene of the crime. Many of the clues can be traced back to one man. One man, that had such a terrible hatred toward Jackson that it drove him to the most drastic and extreme of all acts, the act of cold blooded murder. Now I will set the nations ardent curiosity at ease and reveal the unknown assassin. This man is no other than the South Carolina senator, former Jackson Vice-President, John C. Calhoun. Calhoun was a strong supporter of the states rights, he hated how Jackson mistreated the southern states. Calhoun was also angered by Jacksons intolerance to any notion of state power over federal power, for example the South Carolina crisis. Jackson also destroyed all of Calhouns political aspirations when he was forced to resign as Jacksons Vice-President, as Jackson favored other members of the cabinet over Calhoun. Calhoun had so much anger and resentment for Jackson, he needed to take revenge on him for destroying his political life and for the mistreatment of the state of South Carolina. Calhouns hatred drove him to taking the ultimate revenge on Jackson, what he ended up taking from Jackson was his life. Calhoun strongly challenged many of Jacksons nationalistic and personally hurtful policies, which may have been enough to drive Calhoun to this treacherous act. Back when...

Housing Projects Should be Ablolished essays

Housing Projects Should be Ablolished essays Housing projects should be abolished; they lower the value of the communities that they are in, are magnets for crime, are untaken care of and in hazardous conditions, and are costly for the government to build. Housing projects were developed in the 1930s for housing for the working poor. They were often built in the unfavorable places of towns and they were large towering apartments as you can see in New York and Chicago. This concentrated the poor into an already poor part of town. The lowest unemployment rates and highest crime rates can be found in the projects. The poor were concentratrated into one area because of discrimination, most housing applicants were African- American, many white middle class feared if poor blacks were to move in it reduce the value of their property. Thus the poor were grouped together where no one wanted to live anyway. This gave no hope for the poor of some how making it back into society. Nothing but poverty surrounded these people. This made way for the crime, violence, and easy money that is associated today with American subsidized housing. In Chicago the postal service would not deliver to some housing segments for fear of their lives. In Pi ttsburgh PAT bus drivers will tell you that there are some stops they will just not stop at and most are found in or around the projects. Projects are notorious for their violence and drug trafficking. This is not a good environment for a child to grow up in. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, children who are witness to violence are more prone to depression, lower grades in school, and to violence themselves. Projects ruin are youth, so we are ruining the future. We must get rid of these poor concentrations found all over the country. Studies show that dispersing the poor throughout the classes, instead a single poor area of town shows that poor families have a better opportunity to better their lives. Many cities are bul...

How to Use Repetition to Develop Effective Paragraphs

How to Use Repetition to Develop Effective Paragraphs An important quality of an effective paragraph is unity. A unified paragraph sticks to one topic from start to finish, with every sentence contributing to the central purpose and main idea of that paragraph. But a strong paragraph is more than just a collection of loose sentences. Those sentences need to be clearly connected so that readers can follow along, recognizing how one detail leads to the next. A paragraph with clearly connected sentences is said to be cohesive. Repetition of Key Words Repeating keywords in a paragraph is an important technique for achieving cohesion. Of course, careless or excessive repetition is boring- and a source of clutter. But used skillfully and selectively, as in the paragraph below, this technique can hold sentences together and focus the readers attention on a central idea. We Americans are a charitable and humane people: we have institutions devoted to every good cause from rescuing homeless cats to preventing World War III. But what have we done to promote the art of thinking? Certainly we make no room for thought in our daily lives. Suppose a man were to say to his friends, Im not going to PTA tonight (or choir practice or the baseball game) because I need some time to myself, some time to think? Such a man would be shunned by his neighbors; his family would be ashamed of him. What if a teenager were to say, Im not going to the dance tonight because I need some time to think? His parents would immediately start looking in the Yellow Pages for a psychiatrist. We are all too much like Julius Caesar: we fear and distrust people who think too much. We believe that almost anything is more important than thinking.(Carolyn Kane, from Thinking: A Neglected Art. Newsweek, December 14, 1981) Notice that the author uses various forms of the same word- think, thinking, thought- to link the different examples and reinforce the main idea of the paragraph. (For the benefit of budding rhetoricians, this device is called polyptoton.) Repetition of Key Words and Sentence Structures A similar way to achieve cohesion in our writing is to repeat a particular sentence structure along with a keyword or phrase. Although we usually try to vary the length and shape of our sentences, now and then we may choose to repeat a construction to emphasize connections between related ideas. Heres a short example of structural repetition from the play Getting Married by George Bernard Shaw: There are couples who dislike one another furiously for several hours at a time; there are couples who dislike one another permanently; and there are couples who never dislike one another; but these last are people who are incapable of disliking anybody. Notice how Shaws reliance on semicolons (rather than periods) reinforces the sense of unity and cohesion in this passage. Extended Repetition On rare occasions, emphatic repetitions may extend beyond just two or three main clauses. Not long ago, the Turkish novelist Orhan Pamuk provided an example of extended repetition (specifically, the device called anaphora) in his Nobel Prize Lecture, My Fathers Suitcase: The question we writers are asked most often, the favorite question, is: Why do you write? I write because I have an innate need to write. I write because I can’t do normal work as other people do. I write because I want to read books like the ones I write. I write because I am angry at everyone. I write because I love sitting in a room all day writing. I write because I can partake of real life only by changing it. I write because I want others, the whole world, to know what sort of life we lived, and continue to live, in Istanbul, in Turkey. I write because I love the smell of paper, pen, and ink. I write because I believe in literature, in the art of the novel, more than I believe in anything else. I write because it is a habit, a passion. I write because I am afraid of being forgotten. I write because I like the glory and interest that writing brings. I write to be alone. Perhaps I write because I hope to understand why I am so very, very angry at everyone. I write because I like to be read. I write because once I have begun a novel, an essay, a page I want to finish it. I write because everyone expects me to write. I write because I have a childish belief in the immortality of libraries, and in the way my books sit on the shelf. I write because it is exciting to turn all life’s beauties and riches into words. I write not to tell a story but to compose a story. I write because I wish to escape from the foreboding that there is a place I must go but- as in a dream- can’t quite get to. I write because I have never managed to be happy. I write to be happy.(The Nobel Lecture, 7 December 2006. Translated from the Turkish, by Maureen Freely. The Nobel Foundation 2006) Two well-known examples of extended repetition appear in our Essay Sampler: Judy Bradys essay Why I Want a Wife (included in part three of the Essay Sampler) and the most famous portion of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.s I Have A Dream speech. Final Reminder: Needless repetition that only clutters our writing should be avoided. But the careful repetition of keywords and phrases can be an effective strategy for fashioning cohesive paragraphs.

Montessori Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Montessori Education - Essay Example One of the most important differences between the Montessori Method and other traditional methods is that the Montessori Method focuses on enhancing the natural enjoyment of learning. According to Dr. Montessori there are several â€Å"sensitivity periods† of development during which a child’s brain is chiefly open to learning definite skills or knowledge; From the birth to about the age of six children have an, â€Å"absorbent mind† through which they acquire boundless impetus to gain knowledge of and attain proficiency within their world. This is also a period where children perfect their skills and understandings; Movement enhances thoughts and learning. In other words this theory is against the traditional way of classroom teaching where the children have to sit in their respective places and the teacher imparts the knowledge from the text; Children do well when they are interested and get involved or actively participate in the learning process; Children are competent of independent learning, and learning is enhanced by having a sense of control within a learning environment; Order in the classroom environment is favourable for childrenà ¢â‚¬â„¢s learning; Children generally learn on their own during periods of independent powerful focus; Children become skilled through self-discovery, and learn from their own mistakes (Stoudenmier, N.D). The Montessori educational system is unique and is gaining much popularity around the world. It has effectively undergone continued development for more than seventy years and has been used successfully among various categories of children such as mentally retarded, physically handicapped, normal, and gifted children. Several researchers point out that one of the significant reason, for its success and popularity is that it is a comprehensive method of education consequential from a combination of research on development, learning, curriculum, and teaching. Montessori approach work